Earthship - 1214 Words

Max Altschuler ENVD 3115 Professor Marcel S. de Lange December 8, 2013 Earthship Design, Materials, and Sustainability Earthship design is a movement initiated by Michael Reynolds. Earthship Biotecture is a method of architecture and design that incorporates recycled materials, earthen materials, and renewable energy sources into a sustainable and self-sufficient home. The purpose of this according to Michael Reynolds it to achieve energy independence, sustainable housing, and relieve the burdens of stress on the environment from conventional building methods while keeping cost minimal. Utilizing waste and earthen materials, Michael was able to construct comfortable living, beautiful architectural design, and self-sufficiency†¦show more content†¦Adobe is a commonly used material in earthship construction and has its earliest recognized use in 8300 B.C. Although labor-intensive adobe serves as a sustainable and abundant material that can often be produced onsite. Adobe is typically composed of clay, sand, silt, and gravel, and various amendments such as straw and grasses. Proper distri bution and ratios of the materials are essential in creating adobe blocks that are strong and do not shrink or crack; therefore the soil used should be screened and tested before production. An important element to adobe construction is the bond beam that connects the roof to the walls and prevents collapse of the adobe blocks. Problems with adobe construction lie within the perceived notion that it is unrealizable and primitive, therefore many builders encounter problems in obtaining building permits. Cob is one of the oldest earthen building materials that requires little framework and is less labor intensive then adobe. Cod consist of clay, sand, straw, and water. Cob wall construction is usually 24 inches wide and is laid in sections up to 18 inches high at a time. 18 inch foundations and long eves for roofing is important to keeping cob-constructed walls intact and secure from water damage. To create strong walls a 5% taper should be included in planning, this equates to 6 inches for everyShow MoreRelatedEarthships: a New Way for Change Essay931 Words   |  4 Pageswe face and has continually managed to create alternative styles of living to better the situations at hand. What is an Earthship you might ask? Well if asked by the creator himself he would define it as, â€Å"Independent vessels to sail on the seas of tomorrow.† (Rose, 2004) That may seem quite crazy to most but Reynolds is thinking out of the box and ahead of this time. An Earthship is a self sufficient home in that it requires the use of no utilities. Heated by the sun and using solar and wind powerRead MoreLiving Off The Grid : A Simple Guide1478 Words   |  6 Pagesgrid home falls near the top of that list. In â€Å"Earthships† volume 1 (Introduction page 2) Michael Reynolds states, â€Å"We need to evolve self-sufficient living units that are their own systems. These units must energize themselves, heat and cool themselves, grow food and deal with their own was te. The current concept of housing, in general, supported by massive centralized systems, is no longer appropriate, safe, or reliable. We are now in need of earthships- independant vessels, to sail on the seas ofRead MoreSociety s Reliance On Renewable Energy1526 Words   |  7 Pagescome true. In the American southwest this is happening already. The Taos area of New Mexico is home to the ‘earthship’ concept, designed by Michael Reynolds of Solar Survival Architecture. â€Å"Earthship houses combine elements of traditional adobe design with walls built from discarded vehicle tyres, cans and earth—re-using society’s garbage is an important part of the concept.† (Bond). Earthships collect and recycle their own water and waste and generate electricity from PV cells. Energy is usable powerRead MoreWe Must Look At The Triple Bottom Line Approach1944 Words   |  8 Pagesthe internal factors, but also how they interact with the external world. A standout example of effective sustainable homes is that of Earthship homes. An Earthship is a passive solar home that is made of both natural and recycled materials (such as earth-filled tyres), and is built to utilize the available local resources, especially energy from the sun (Earthship Biotechture 2014). For example, windows on sun-facing walls admit lighting and heating, and the buildings are often horseshoe-shapedRead More Holistic Design Essays3170 Words   |  13 PagesPress. McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry Home Page. http://www.mbdc.com/profile_clients.htm November 3, 2003. Mollison, Bill (1988). Permaculture: A Designers Manual. Tyalgum, Australia: Tagari Publications. Reynolds, Michael (1990). Earthship, Vol. 1. Taos, New Mexico: Solar Survival Press.

The Ethical Dilemma Behind Vaccine Refusal - 1261 Words

The Ethical Dilemma Behind Vaccine Refusal Measles/Mumps/Rubella (MMR), Inactivated Poliovirus, and Rotavirus are just a few examples of vaccines recommended for children by the Center for Disease Control. These vaccines are recommended for children in order to prevent the contraction and spread of diseases that have been controlled in recent years, eradicated from our country, or that we are hoping to prevent from being introduced. According to an article published by TIME Magazine, 1 in 10 parents choose to â€Å"opt out† of vaccinating their children according to the recommended CDC schedule (Park). While parents are responsible for choosing medical treatment and prevention methods for their child, many are forgetting that their choices affect not only their family unit, but the entire community they are surrounded by. The trend to refuse vaccinations is believed to have stemmed from a fake study completed by Andrew Wakefield in 1993 saying the MMR vaccine caused autism and bowel disease. In Wakefield’s study, he tested 12 children who had grown up with normal development who presented a loss of acquired skills after receiving the Measles/Mumps/Rubella vaccine. According to the study, â€Å"Behavioural disorders included autism (nine), disintegrative psychosis (one), and possible postviral or vaccinal encephalitis (two)† (Wakefield). It was later found that these diagnoses were false and Wakefield had been paid off by parents of children with autism to make these claims and thatShow MoreRelatedEthical Concerns Regarding Pediatric Vaccinations1623 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Ethical concerns regarding pediatric vaccinations span several viewpoints including clinicians, policymakers and parents. A parent’s concern is to protect their children. Parents want to know more about how vaccines work - the risks and side effects, vaccine ingredients, and vaccine safety - before deciding to vaccinate a child. The responsibility of the medical professional is to protect the public while preserving the rights of the patient. The ethical issues concerning childhood immunizationRead MoreMandatory Vaccination in Children: An Ethical Dilemma Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesVaccination was first introduced globally for small pox and later on extended to other communicable diseases which are now known as vaccine preventable disease. Vaccination is beneficial both for individuals and community. This bring us to the ethical dilemma - Vaccination of a healthy child with the intention of protecting both the individual child and the community at the same time exposin g the child to the theoretical risk of exposure to disease products whether live, attenuated or killed. ThereRead MoreVaccines Are The Best Effective Preventative Tools Against Highly Infectious Disease?2037 Words   |  9 PagesVaccines are thought to be some of the most effective preventative tools against highly infectious disease processes and their complications. Routine vaccinations in the United States have led to drastic declines in vaccine-preventable diseases (Omer, Salmon, Orenstein, DeHart, Halsey, 2010) such as mumps, rubella, polio, smallpox and diphtheria. These diseases are occurring at less than 1% of what they were during the pre-vaccine era, especially in higher income countries. Vaccination requirementsRead MoreEuthanasia And Healthcare : Euthanasia2707 Words   |  11 Pagesof euthanasia and assisted-suicide. The rationale behind this argument is that individuals should have the autonomy to control how they live, and that entails control over the way they die (Mauron and Hurst 130). The autonomy to control one’s life was respected during classical antiquity, and it was considered an undeniable human freedom. Even in those times euthanasia was accepted, why is it in present time there is such a argument and dilemma on alleviating the pain for those suffering? A naturalistRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 PagesCutler Pickering Hale and Dorr (WilmerHale) . . . . 100 Winslow Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 12 Harvard Business Review | April 2007 | hbr.org Saving lives will mean refrigerating blood and vaccines where no power grids exist. Are you ready? Emerson.com The Emerson logo is a trademark and a service mark of Emerson Electric Co.  © 2007 Emerson Electric Co. Network Power†¢Process Management†¢Climate Technologies†¢Storage Solutions†¢IndustrialRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSensitive Line 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial CharacteristicsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesnew agricultural lands, particularly within European Russia, where Czarist and Soviet censuses showed significant movement.33 But the bulk of these moves were to more urban, commercialized, or industrial regions than the ones the migrants left behind. Ten million Italians crossed the Alps—a number slightly higher than those who crossed the Atlantic—and 2 million more moved north from the peninsula’s Mezzogiorno to the industrial Piedmont and Lombardy. Two million Irish moved to England, andRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   one third of teachers had either seriously considered leaving teaching or knew a colleague who left because of intolerable student behavior. (New York Times, November 27, 2005) When people take a vacation, do they really leave work behind? Data from a poll conducted by Travelocity led to the following estimates: Approximately 40% of travelers check work email while on vacation, about 33% take cell phones on vacation in order to stay connected with work, and about 25% bring a laptop

Movie Crash Free Essays

The film that had an impact on me was the movie Crash.   This Oscar-winning movie written and directed by Paul Haggis showed so many lessons about life that are important.   The movie demonstrated the need for empathy in this world. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Crash or any similar topic only for you Order Now    No matter what color or sex or size, people need to show more empathy to one another. But this movie is also about the anger and frustration that we carry around with us everyday as well.   Living in the modern day world is tough, but we need to find better ways to relate to each other.   As Robert Jensen says, â€Å"We all carry around racial/ethnic baggage that’s packed with unfair stereotypes, long-stewing grievances, raw anger and crazy fears.   Even when we think we have made progress, we find ourselves caught in frustratingly complex racial webs from which we can’t seem to get untangled† (Jensen). No matter where we are from around the world, the point remains that we need to find better ways to get along.   Not just with those from other places and backgrounds but with those next to us who deserve better.     This idea of â€Å"It ´s the sense of touch. In any real city, you walk, you know? You brush past people, people bump into you. In L.A., nobody touches you. We ´re always behind this metal and glass. I think we miss that touch so much, that we crash into each other, just so we can feel something.† means that we need more relating and touch and understanding from the people around us.   This idea of being able to relate to each other and get along is shown over and over again in this movie One example of the theme of getting along are the characters of Rick and Jean (Brendan Fraser and Sandra Bullock), a rich white couple.   Rick is a DA who tries to remain unprejudiced, but the viewer feels like he is all about image so he can be re-elected.   Nothing â€Å"real† seems to come from him, and the viewer suspects that he is having an affair with his white co-worker.   Jean, on the other hand, is all real.   She is increidibly prejudiced against the Hispanic locksmith who comes to the house.   She very clearly tells her husband exactly what she thinks. â€Å"I would like the locks changed again in the morning. And you know   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   what, you might mention that next time we’d appreciate it if they didn’t   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   send a gang member†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She is a mean person, and she has this one memorable quote.   She is talking with a so-called friend on the phone and she begins to explain the way she feels, â€Å" I am angry all the time†¦ and I don’t know why† (Crash).   The viewer wonders how many others feel this way.   Jean has supposedly everyone that anyone would want.   She has lots of money and a rich and important husband.   She can do anetying she wants, but she has nobody in her life. If a woman like this is angry all the time, what can that say for the rest of us? She berates and chastises everyone due to her own unhappiness, and I believe that may just be the general state of the world.   And at one point, she tells her maid that she is indeed her best friend.   This is the maid who has taken her to the hospital after she has fallen down the stairs; her friends were too busy.   We need to find ways to connect with each other and make our lieves more fulfilling, so that we can have relationships with other people. That is the lesson that Jean teaches in the film.   the old adage that money cannot buy happiness is shown again.   Meaningful people in our lives bring happiness. Another character who displayed the importance of relationships, and was the opposite of Jean’s character was the Latino locksmith Daniel (Michael Pena).   By first glance this man did not have half of what Jean’s character did.   He was just a working-class guy trying to make a living.   However, when we catch a glimpse of him at home with his family, our take is altogether different.   The viewer sees him under the covers with his daughter telling her a sotyr about the invisible cloak and being a dad and a family man.   His story is plauful and fun, not just matter of fact. â€Å"She had these little stubby wings, like she could’ve glued them on, you know, like I’m gonna believe she’s a fairy. So she said, â€Å"I’ll prove it.† So she reaches into her backpack and pulls out this invisible cloak and she ties it around my neck. And she tells me that it’s impenetrable. You know   what impenetrable means? It means nothing can go through it. No bullets, nothing. She told me that if I wore it, nothing would hurt me. And I did. And my whole life, I never got shot, stabbed, nothing. I mean, how weird   is that?† (Crash). He enjoys his time with his daughter, like tucking her in at night.   It seems that he is good at his job, but he works to live rather than lives to work.   he lloves his wife and his daughter, and the viewer cringes at the idea of something horrible happening in this family.   The scene where Daniel’s daughter almost gets shot is one of the most tense of the film.   This man, while he does not have money or status, shows the viewer what life is all about.   he forms meaningful connections in life, and these are what sustain him. And there is another character who seems to be in the middle, between Jean and Daniel in his ability or lack of ability to form relationships.   This is officer Ryan.   While he is a racist cop and does some terrible things in this movie, he is also a human being as evidenced by the scenes with his father.   Because of his powerlessness at home, he is able to commit horrible atrocities at work and yet, turn around and do something entirely redeeming.   His sense of powerlessness is because his father may have cancer, but their HMO prevents them from using a different doctor. His father is having prostate trouble, and the viewer sees the two of them together at night in the bathroom.   The humiliation in these scenes is overwhelming, and the love between father and son is clearly shown.   But Officer Ryan takes all that out on those around him.   He tries to appeal to the caseworker Shaniqua, but he still insults her by lashing out about affirmative action.   In the end, she cannot form a connection with him, and she honestly anwers his pleas with, â€Å"Your father sounds like a good man. And if he’d come in here today I probably would have approved his request. But he didn’t come in, you did. And for his sake, that’s a real shame.† We can’t really blame Shaniqua for not wanting to help him, but the viewer wishes that she would.   Again and again we are shown what happens when we lack compassion and empathy for others and do not form relationships. The title itself and the opening quote implies that we are too busy with our own lives to get to know others, but that many of our preconceived notions or prejudices would be gone if only we would take the time.   This applies for people from all walks of life.   If rich people never do things where they come into contact with different types of people, the preconceived notions will continue to exist.   The other lesson here is that everyone has a story and a reason for acting the way they do.   If human beings could just take the time to learn about toehrs, we could at least begin to understand why they act the way they do.   Crash does a phenomenal job of showing us these things without preaching. Works Cited Chang, Jeff and Chan, Sylvia.   â€Å"Can White Hollywood Get Race Right?†Ã‚   Posted July 19, 2005.   Retrived April 27, 2007 at http://www.alternet.org/movies/23597/?page=3 Jensen, Robert and Wosnitzer, Robert.   2006.   â€Å"Crash the and Self-Indulgence of White   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   America†.   Retrieved April 26, 2007 at    http://www.nthposition.com/crashandtheself-indulgence.php How to cite Movie Crash, Essay examples

Significances of Social Media-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Social Media. Answer: Introduction Self-admiration is a quality which is omnipotent in most individuals whether child or adult. It is a constant quality, which forms the basis for self-ego and self-evaluation. In this respect the increasing role of social media in generating a feeling of positive and negative self-admiration in an individual have been discussed. The social networking platforms often act as a mirror of day-to day evaluation of individual personalities. The current decade has seen the advent of a number of self-marketing gimmicks such as the selfies and the groupfies. The obsessions to selfies are often expressed over the social media sites in the form of profile picture updates. The posting of random profile pictures over social media sites could be linked with strong narcissistic personality. The concept of narcissism could be explained as the presence of excessive desire in an individual for generating a positive and collective response. The current decade has seen rise in the narcissistic approach, where people would randomly click their self images and post it online. The approval or the appreciation in the form of likes and comments has a strong impact on the minds of the people. Rationale The current topic establishes the relation between narcissism and self promotion in social media through posting frequent profile pictures. The approval received on posting the profile pictures in the forms of likes and comments from peers and contacts have been seen to promote a feeling of self importance within an individual. The growth of some of the popular social networking site such as facebook, instagram and twitter have seen more and more people phishing for comments and likes on the virtual platform. In this context, an individual is found to be obsessively posting pictures of self online or making random status updates. This is mostly done to garner public attention and generate self-publicity. The response provided to the online postings in the form of likes and comments can generate critical self-evaluation within an individual(Kapidzic, 2013). The lack of approval or negative comments posted on a picture can result in aggressive behaviour within an individual. The strong desire to generate a strong and pleasant appearance over the social networking platform often generates a feeling of strong retaliation within an individual. It has been highlighted by psychologists that exposure to constant feedbacks directly or indirectly over a much wider platform can have a profound effect on the tranquillity of mind of an individual(Moon, 2016). The social networking sites (SNS) provides a favourable means to individuals to present a selective and controlled construct of themselves to a wider section of audience. The statistical figures shows that almost 87% of the people have a tendency of posting random pictures of their self over the social networking platforms. In this context, out of 1681 people using social networking platforms, 1255 were women. Aim The current study evaluates the factors behind the increased tendency of using the social networking sites for online promotion. Research objectives and questions Objectives: The following objectives were framed for doing the research analysis: To critically evaluate the correlation between facebook activity and high narcissism scores (Kapidzic, 2013) To critically analyse the link between high narcissism scores and self promotion activities on facebook (Mehdizadeh, 2010) To understand the effect of gender on narcissistic motivation to select online pictures (Mehdizadeh, 2010) Research questions: What is the relationship between facebook obsession and high narcissism scores? Is there a relationship between high narcissism scores and self-promotion activities on facebook? How does gender affect the relationship between narcissism and the inspiration to select profile pictures that promote social attractiveness and personality? Methods: Sampling method For the purpose of the collection of data, random probability-sampling methods were followed where the participants in the study had equal chances to participate. The sampling was done during the first week of trimester where the students were the interviewers and the friends and the family members of the students were the participants. The participants were provided a link to a Google form through webmail or a number of other portals. The Google form contained a number of questions analysing the narcissistic traits. They were also provided a range of pictures at the end of the Google form. Thus, based on their selection criteria further analysis was done. Description of materials and procedure The data collection was done with the help of an online questionnaire where a set of 15 questions were provided to the participants via a Google form. Additionally the participants were also provided with link to a number of picture editing tools. The participants were asked to use the tools in the way they like to generate their pictures and then select one of them for use over their social networking sites. This served as an important tool for understanding the personality depths and level present in an individual. The online questionnaire was designed in the form of a likert scale where the options ranged from neutral to agree to strongly agree to strongly disagree. The participants could provide the response to the questionnaire at their convenience from their home computers and were not bound to come to the lab. The entire exercise was conducted from a period of one to five weeks and sequential data recorded. Results: Analysis of the data: The analysis of the data was done through Narcissistic Personality Inventory 16-item measurement. The measurements were done to find a direct relationship between the narcissism and its effect on the online self-promotion behaviour of an individual. The mode of analysis selected by the researcher depends upon the research question and the type of data. The data types being continuous are measured on a scale of 1 to 10. For the present study, two different variables are chosen such as narcissism trait present within an individual and their relative approach in selecting pictures for posting over social media platform. This form of analysis is known as bivariate correlational analysis. The analysis focuses upon the relation between the two variables by finding out the overlapping regions. The bivariate relationship could be found out with the help of Pearsons correlation coefficients. The value of r and p can be used to find out the strength and amount of shared variance between the tw o variables. The value of r between 3 means that there exist weak relationship between the two variables. A value between 3 to 5 depicts that there exists a moderate relationship, whereas a value greater than 5 depicts that the two values are strongly correlated. The direction of the pearsons r is also important in this context, where a positive value establishes a directly proportional relationship between the two variables. A negative value on the other hand depicts an inversely proportional relationship between the two variables. The squares Pearson have been applied in order to find the amount of dependency between the two variables. In this respect, the pearsons p-value can be used to determine the statistical significance of the result. A value less than 5% reduces the chance generation of the result and establishes a string correlation between the two variables and vice versa(Alloway, 2014). In the present context, a significant, positive relationship between self-promotion and narcissism was found, where the following values were noted for r = 3.80, n = 776, p = 0.01, representing 14.44 % shared variance between the variables. Discussion: Summarizing the aims of the study: Thus, the study aimed at finding out the correlation, which existed between the two variables. For the purpose of which a large number of participants were selected for gathering sufficient data regarding their dependency on social media platforms for positioning themselves in a socially suitable context. The study aimed to depict the relationship between strong social presence and narcissistic traits found in an individual. The findings of the experiment have been consistent with the hypothesis. A moderate Pearson r-value of 3.80 reflect moderate relationship between the two variables. Similarly, a p value of less than 0.05 shows that the results are statistically significant. However, the i use of social networking sites have also been quoted by few to have a positive effect on an individual by providing them with ways to communicate with the outside world alongside improving their set of knowledge. Many have quoted social media as as a way of relaxation and gathering required amou nt of knowledge. The selfie obsessions has also been linked with low self esteem and presence of loneliness within an individual(Grijalva, 2015). The role of gender is also debatable over here as both the genders have been seen to have similar interest and obsession towards the social networking site. Interpretations of the results and future directions: Thus, an R value of 3.80 depicts a moderate correlation between the two variables. Moreover, a p value less than 0.05 percentage guarantees the generosity of the results. The study could help in elucidating the level of sub-clinical narcissism present within the current society and its effect on their day-to-day life. The effects of the SNS have been found to be sufficiently strong within the adolescent group(Barry, 2017). In this context, psychologists have highlighted the effect of postive and negative SNS feedback on the self-esteem of an individual. Here, the involvements of parents have been found to be of immense importance in guiding their child towards positive personality traits. Contribution of the literature: Narcissism plays a strong role in influencing the profile picture selection over the social networking sites. The filters used for selection of the best profile picture to be presented online are based upon a number of parameters such as physical attractiveness, personality trait and social contacts. Research and evidence have shown that there exists a strong correlation between development of obsessive-compulsive disorders and increasing use of social media. Thus, obsessive self-promotion over the social networking platform seems to be a disease affecting the young and the old synonymously (Krmer, 2017). Bibliography Alloway, T. R. (2014). Is Facebook linked to selfishness? Investigating the relationships among social media use, empathy, and narcissism. Social Networking, 3(3) , 150-158. Barry, C. T.-H. (2017). Let me take a selfie: associations between self-photography, narcissism, and self-esteem. Psychology of popular media culture, 6(1 , 48. Grijalva, E. N. (2015). Gender differences in narcissism: A meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 141(2), , 261. Kapidzic, S. (2013). Narcissism as a predictor of motivations behind Facebook profile picture selection. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking , 14-19. Krmer, N. C. (2017). Beware of selfies: The impact of photo type on impression formation based on social networking profiles. Frontiers in psychology, , 15-25. Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Facebook. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING, 13(4 , 357-364. Moon, J. H. (2016). The role of narcissism in self-promotion on Instagram. Personality and Individual Differences , 22-25.

Significances of Social Media-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Social Media. Answer: Introduction Self-admiration is a quality which is omnipotent in most individuals whether child or adult. It is a constant quality, which forms the basis for self-ego and self-evaluation. In this respect the increasing role of social media in generating a feeling of positive and negative self-admiration in an individual have been discussed. The social networking platforms often act as a mirror of day-to day evaluation of individual personalities. The current decade has seen the advent of a number of self-marketing gimmicks such as the selfies and the groupfies. The obsessions to selfies are often expressed over the social media sites in the form of profile picture updates. The posting of random profile pictures over social media sites could be linked with strong narcissistic personality. The concept of narcissism could be explained as the presence of excessive desire in an individual for generating a positive and collective response. The current decade has seen rise in the narcissistic approach, where people would randomly click their self images and post it online. The approval or the appreciation in the form of likes and comments has a strong impact on the minds of the people. Rationale The current topic establishes the relation between narcissism and self promotion in social media through posting frequent profile pictures. The approval received on posting the profile pictures in the forms of likes and comments from peers and contacts have been seen to promote a feeling of self importance within an individual. The growth of some of the popular social networking site such as facebook, instagram and twitter have seen more and more people phishing for comments and likes on the virtual platform. In this context, an individual is found to be obsessively posting pictures of self online or making random status updates. This is mostly done to garner public attention and generate self-publicity. The response provided to the online postings in the form of likes and comments can generate critical self-evaluation within an individual(Kapidzic, 2013). The lack of approval or negative comments posted on a picture can result in aggressive behaviour within an individual. The strong desire to generate a strong and pleasant appearance over the social networking platform often generates a feeling of strong retaliation within an individual. It has been highlighted by psychologists that exposure to constant feedbacks directly or indirectly over a much wider platform can have a profound effect on the tranquillity of mind of an individual(Moon, 2016). The social networking sites (SNS) provides a favourable means to individuals to present a selective and controlled construct of themselves to a wider section of audience. The statistical figures shows that almost 87% of the people have a tendency of posting random pictures of their self over the social networking platforms. In this context, out of 1681 people using social networking platforms, 1255 were women. Aim The current study evaluates the factors behind the increased tendency of using the social networking sites for online promotion. Research objectives and questions Objectives: The following objectives were framed for doing the research analysis: To critically evaluate the correlation between facebook activity and high narcissism scores (Kapidzic, 2013) To critically analyse the link between high narcissism scores and self promotion activities on facebook (Mehdizadeh, 2010) To understand the effect of gender on narcissistic motivation to select online pictures (Mehdizadeh, 2010) Research questions: What is the relationship between facebook obsession and high narcissism scores? Is there a relationship between high narcissism scores and self-promotion activities on facebook? How does gender affect the relationship between narcissism and the inspiration to select profile pictures that promote social attractiveness and personality? Methods: Sampling method For the purpose of the collection of data, random probability-sampling methods were followed where the participants in the study had equal chances to participate. The sampling was done during the first week of trimester where the students were the interviewers and the friends and the family members of the students were the participants. The participants were provided a link to a Google form through webmail or a number of other portals. The Google form contained a number of questions analysing the narcissistic traits. They were also provided a range of pictures at the end of the Google form. Thus, based on their selection criteria further analysis was done. Description of materials and procedure The data collection was done with the help of an online questionnaire where a set of 15 questions were provided to the participants via a Google form. Additionally the participants were also provided with link to a number of picture editing tools. The participants were asked to use the tools in the way they like to generate their pictures and then select one of them for use over their social networking sites. This served as an important tool for understanding the personality depths and level present in an individual. The online questionnaire was designed in the form of a likert scale where the options ranged from neutral to agree to strongly agree to strongly disagree. The participants could provide the response to the questionnaire at their convenience from their home computers and were not bound to come to the lab. The entire exercise was conducted from a period of one to five weeks and sequential data recorded. Results: Analysis of the data: The analysis of the data was done through Narcissistic Personality Inventory 16-item measurement. The measurements were done to find a direct relationship between the narcissism and its effect on the online self-promotion behaviour of an individual. The mode of analysis selected by the researcher depends upon the research question and the type of data. The data types being continuous are measured on a scale of 1 to 10. For the present study, two different variables are chosen such as narcissism trait present within an individual and their relative approach in selecting pictures for posting over social media platform. This form of analysis is known as bivariate correlational analysis. The analysis focuses upon the relation between the two variables by finding out the overlapping regions. The bivariate relationship could be found out with the help of Pearsons correlation coefficients. The value of r and p can be used to find out the strength and amount of shared variance between the tw o variables. The value of r between 3 means that there exist weak relationship between the two variables. A value between 3 to 5 depicts that there exists a moderate relationship, whereas a value greater than 5 depicts that the two values are strongly correlated. The direction of the pearsons r is also important in this context, where a positive value establishes a directly proportional relationship between the two variables. A negative value on the other hand depicts an inversely proportional relationship between the two variables. The squares Pearson have been applied in order to find the amount of dependency between the two variables. In this respect, the pearsons p-value can be used to determine the statistical significance of the result. A value less than 5% reduces the chance generation of the result and establishes a string correlation between the two variables and vice versa(Alloway, 2014). In the present context, a significant, positive relationship between self-promotion and narcissism was found, where the following values were noted for r = 3.80, n = 776, p = 0.01, representing 14.44 % shared variance between the variables. Discussion: Summarizing the aims of the study: Thus, the study aimed at finding out the correlation, which existed between the two variables. For the purpose of which a large number of participants were selected for gathering sufficient data regarding their dependency on social media platforms for positioning themselves in a socially suitable context. The study aimed to depict the relationship between strong social presence and narcissistic traits found in an individual. The findings of the experiment have been consistent with the hypothesis. A moderate Pearson r-value of 3.80 reflect moderate relationship between the two variables. Similarly, a p value of less than 0.05 shows that the results are statistically significant. However, the i use of social networking sites have also been quoted by few to have a positive effect on an individual by providing them with ways to communicate with the outside world alongside improving their set of knowledge. Many have quoted social media as as a way of relaxation and gathering required amou nt of knowledge. The selfie obsessions has also been linked with low self esteem and presence of loneliness within an individual(Grijalva, 2015). The role of gender is also debatable over here as both the genders have been seen to have similar interest and obsession towards the social networking site. Interpretations of the results and future directions: Thus, an R value of 3.80 depicts a moderate correlation between the two variables. Moreover, a p value less than 0.05 percentage guarantees the generosity of the results. The study could help in elucidating the level of sub-clinical narcissism present within the current society and its effect on their day-to-day life. The effects of the SNS have been found to be sufficiently strong within the adolescent group(Barry, 2017). In this context, psychologists have highlighted the effect of postive and negative SNS feedback on the self-esteem of an individual. Here, the involvements of parents have been found to be of immense importance in guiding their child towards positive personality traits. Contribution of the literature: Narcissism plays a strong role in influencing the profile picture selection over the social networking sites. The filters used for selection of the best profile picture to be presented online are based upon a number of parameters such as physical attractiveness, personality trait and social contacts. Research and evidence have shown that there exists a strong correlation between development of obsessive-compulsive disorders and increasing use of social media. Thus, obsessive self-promotion over the social networking platform seems to be a disease affecting the young and the old synonymously (Krmer, 2017). Bibliography Alloway, T. R. (2014). Is Facebook linked to selfishness? Investigating the relationships among social media use, empathy, and narcissism. Social Networking, 3(3) , 150-158. Barry, C. T.-H. (2017). Let me take a selfie: associations between self-photography, narcissism, and self-esteem. Psychology of popular media culture, 6(1 , 48. Grijalva, E. N. (2015). Gender differences in narcissism: A meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 141(2), , 261. Kapidzic, S. (2013). Narcissism as a predictor of motivations behind Facebook profile picture selection. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking , 14-19. Krmer, N. C. (2017). Beware of selfies: The impact of photo type on impression formation based on social networking profiles. Frontiers in psychology, , 15-25. Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Facebook. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING, 13(4 , 357-364. Moon, J. H. (2016). The role of narcissism in self-promotion on Instagram. Personality and Individual Differences , 22-25.

Significances of Social Media-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Social Media. Answer: Introduction Self-admiration is a quality which is omnipotent in most individuals whether child or adult. It is a constant quality, which forms the basis for self-ego and self-evaluation. In this respect the increasing role of social media in generating a feeling of positive and negative self-admiration in an individual have been discussed. The social networking platforms often act as a mirror of day-to day evaluation of individual personalities. The current decade has seen the advent of a number of self-marketing gimmicks such as the selfies and the groupfies. The obsessions to selfies are often expressed over the social media sites in the form of profile picture updates. The posting of random profile pictures over social media sites could be linked with strong narcissistic personality. The concept of narcissism could be explained as the presence of excessive desire in an individual for generating a positive and collective response. The current decade has seen rise in the narcissistic approach, where people would randomly click their self images and post it online. The approval or the appreciation in the form of likes and comments has a strong impact on the minds of the people. Rationale The current topic establishes the relation between narcissism and self promotion in social media through posting frequent profile pictures. The approval received on posting the profile pictures in the forms of likes and comments from peers and contacts have been seen to promote a feeling of self importance within an individual. The growth of some of the popular social networking site such as facebook, instagram and twitter have seen more and more people phishing for comments and likes on the virtual platform. In this context, an individual is found to be obsessively posting pictures of self online or making random status updates. This is mostly done to garner public attention and generate self-publicity. The response provided to the online postings in the form of likes and comments can generate critical self-evaluation within an individual(Kapidzic, 2013). The lack of approval or negative comments posted on a picture can result in aggressive behaviour within an individual. The strong desire to generate a strong and pleasant appearance over the social networking platform often generates a feeling of strong retaliation within an individual. It has been highlighted by psychologists that exposure to constant feedbacks directly or indirectly over a much wider platform can have a profound effect on the tranquillity of mind of an individual(Moon, 2016). The social networking sites (SNS) provides a favourable means to individuals to present a selective and controlled construct of themselves to a wider section of audience. The statistical figures shows that almost 87% of the people have a tendency of posting random pictures of their self over the social networking platforms. In this context, out of 1681 people using social networking platforms, 1255 were women. Aim The current study evaluates the factors behind the increased tendency of using the social networking sites for online promotion. Research objectives and questions Objectives: The following objectives were framed for doing the research analysis: To critically evaluate the correlation between facebook activity and high narcissism scores (Kapidzic, 2013) To critically analyse the link between high narcissism scores and self promotion activities on facebook (Mehdizadeh, 2010) To understand the effect of gender on narcissistic motivation to select online pictures (Mehdizadeh, 2010) Research questions: What is the relationship between facebook obsession and high narcissism scores? Is there a relationship between high narcissism scores and self-promotion activities on facebook? How does gender affect the relationship between narcissism and the inspiration to select profile pictures that promote social attractiveness and personality? Methods: Sampling method For the purpose of the collection of data, random probability-sampling methods were followed where the participants in the study had equal chances to participate. The sampling was done during the first week of trimester where the students were the interviewers and the friends and the family members of the students were the participants. The participants were provided a link to a Google form through webmail or a number of other portals. The Google form contained a number of questions analysing the narcissistic traits. They were also provided a range of pictures at the end of the Google form. Thus, based on their selection criteria further analysis was done. Description of materials and procedure The data collection was done with the help of an online questionnaire where a set of 15 questions were provided to the participants via a Google form. Additionally the participants were also provided with link to a number of picture editing tools. The participants were asked to use the tools in the way they like to generate their pictures and then select one of them for use over their social networking sites. This served as an important tool for understanding the personality depths and level present in an individual. The online questionnaire was designed in the form of a likert scale where the options ranged from neutral to agree to strongly agree to strongly disagree. The participants could provide the response to the questionnaire at their convenience from their home computers and were not bound to come to the lab. The entire exercise was conducted from a period of one to five weeks and sequential data recorded. Results: Analysis of the data: The analysis of the data was done through Narcissistic Personality Inventory 16-item measurement. The measurements were done to find a direct relationship between the narcissism and its effect on the online self-promotion behaviour of an individual. The mode of analysis selected by the researcher depends upon the research question and the type of data. The data types being continuous are measured on a scale of 1 to 10. For the present study, two different variables are chosen such as narcissism trait present within an individual and their relative approach in selecting pictures for posting over social media platform. This form of analysis is known as bivariate correlational analysis. The analysis focuses upon the relation between the two variables by finding out the overlapping regions. The bivariate relationship could be found out with the help of Pearsons correlation coefficients. The value of r and p can be used to find out the strength and amount of shared variance between the tw o variables. The value of r between 3 means that there exist weak relationship between the two variables. A value between 3 to 5 depicts that there exists a moderate relationship, whereas a value greater than 5 depicts that the two values are strongly correlated. The direction of the pearsons r is also important in this context, where a positive value establishes a directly proportional relationship between the two variables. A negative value on the other hand depicts an inversely proportional relationship between the two variables. The squares Pearson have been applied in order to find the amount of dependency between the two variables. In this respect, the pearsons p-value can be used to determine the statistical significance of the result. A value less than 5% reduces the chance generation of the result and establishes a string correlation between the two variables and vice versa(Alloway, 2014). In the present context, a significant, positive relationship between self-promotion and narcissism was found, where the following values were noted for r = 3.80, n = 776, p = 0.01, representing 14.44 % shared variance between the variables. Discussion: Summarizing the aims of the study: Thus, the study aimed at finding out the correlation, which existed between the two variables. For the purpose of which a large number of participants were selected for gathering sufficient data regarding their dependency on social media platforms for positioning themselves in a socially suitable context. The study aimed to depict the relationship between strong social presence and narcissistic traits found in an individual. The findings of the experiment have been consistent with the hypothesis. A moderate Pearson r-value of 3.80 reflect moderate relationship between the two variables. Similarly, a p value of less than 0.05 shows that the results are statistically significant. However, the i use of social networking sites have also been quoted by few to have a positive effect on an individual by providing them with ways to communicate with the outside world alongside improving their set of knowledge. Many have quoted social media as as a way of relaxation and gathering required amou nt of knowledge. The selfie obsessions has also been linked with low self esteem and presence of loneliness within an individual(Grijalva, 2015). The role of gender is also debatable over here as both the genders have been seen to have similar interest and obsession towards the social networking site. Interpretations of the results and future directions: Thus, an R value of 3.80 depicts a moderate correlation between the two variables. Moreover, a p value less than 0.05 percentage guarantees the generosity of the results. The study could help in elucidating the level of sub-clinical narcissism present within the current society and its effect on their day-to-day life. The effects of the SNS have been found to be sufficiently strong within the adolescent group(Barry, 2017). In this context, psychologists have highlighted the effect of postive and negative SNS feedback on the self-esteem of an individual. Here, the involvements of parents have been found to be of immense importance in guiding their child towards positive personality traits. Contribution of the literature: Narcissism plays a strong role in influencing the profile picture selection over the social networking sites. The filters used for selection of the best profile picture to be presented online are based upon a number of parameters such as physical attractiveness, personality trait and social contacts. Research and evidence have shown that there exists a strong correlation between development of obsessive-compulsive disorders and increasing use of social media. Thus, obsessive self-promotion over the social networking platform seems to be a disease affecting the young and the old synonymously (Krmer, 2017). Bibliography Alloway, T. R. (2014). Is Facebook linked to selfishness? Investigating the relationships among social media use, empathy, and narcissism. Social Networking, 3(3) , 150-158. Barry, C. T.-H. (2017). Let me take a selfie: associations between self-photography, narcissism, and self-esteem. Psychology of popular media culture, 6(1 , 48. Grijalva, E. N. (2015). Gender differences in narcissism: A meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 141(2), , 261. Kapidzic, S. (2013). Narcissism as a predictor of motivations behind Facebook profile picture selection. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking , 14-19. Krmer, N. C. (2017). Beware of selfies: The impact of photo type on impression formation based on social networking profiles. Frontiers in psychology, , 15-25. Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Facebook. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING, 13(4 , 357-364. Moon, J. H. (2016). The role of narcissism in self-promotion on Instagram. Personality and Individual Differences , 22-25.

Significances of Social Media-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Social Media. Answer: Introduction Self-admiration is a quality which is omnipotent in most individuals whether child or adult. It is a constant quality, which forms the basis for self-ego and self-evaluation. In this respect the increasing role of social media in generating a feeling of positive and negative self-admiration in an individual have been discussed. The social networking platforms often act as a mirror of day-to day evaluation of individual personalities. The current decade has seen the advent of a number of self-marketing gimmicks such as the selfies and the groupfies. The obsessions to selfies are often expressed over the social media sites in the form of profile picture updates. The posting of random profile pictures over social media sites could be linked with strong narcissistic personality. The concept of narcissism could be explained as the presence of excessive desire in an individual for generating a positive and collective response. The current decade has seen rise in the narcissistic approach, where people would randomly click their self images and post it online. The approval or the appreciation in the form of likes and comments has a strong impact on the minds of the people. Rationale The current topic establishes the relation between narcissism and self promotion in social media through posting frequent profile pictures. The approval received on posting the profile pictures in the forms of likes and comments from peers and contacts have been seen to promote a feeling of self importance within an individual. The growth of some of the popular social networking site such as facebook, instagram and twitter have seen more and more people phishing for comments and likes on the virtual platform. In this context, an individual is found to be obsessively posting pictures of self online or making random status updates. This is mostly done to garner public attention and generate self-publicity. The response provided to the online postings in the form of likes and comments can generate critical self-evaluation within an individual(Kapidzic, 2013). The lack of approval or negative comments posted on a picture can result in aggressive behaviour within an individual. The strong desire to generate a strong and pleasant appearance over the social networking platform often generates a feeling of strong retaliation within an individual. It has been highlighted by psychologists that exposure to constant feedbacks directly or indirectly over a much wider platform can have a profound effect on the tranquillity of mind of an individual(Moon, 2016). The social networking sites (SNS) provides a favourable means to individuals to present a selective and controlled construct of themselves to a wider section of audience. The statistical figures shows that almost 87% of the people have a tendency of posting random pictures of their self over the social networking platforms. In this context, out of 1681 people using social networking platforms, 1255 were women. Aim The current study evaluates the factors behind the increased tendency of using the social networking sites for online promotion. Research objectives and questions Objectives: The following objectives were framed for doing the research analysis: To critically evaluate the correlation between facebook activity and high narcissism scores (Kapidzic, 2013) To critically analyse the link between high narcissism scores and self promotion activities on facebook (Mehdizadeh, 2010) To understand the effect of gender on narcissistic motivation to select online pictures (Mehdizadeh, 2010) Research questions: What is the relationship between facebook obsession and high narcissism scores? Is there a relationship between high narcissism scores and self-promotion activities on facebook? How does gender affect the relationship between narcissism and the inspiration to select profile pictures that promote social attractiveness and personality? Methods: Sampling method For the purpose of the collection of data, random probability-sampling methods were followed where the participants in the study had equal chances to participate. The sampling was done during the first week of trimester where the students were the interviewers and the friends and the family members of the students were the participants. The participants were provided a link to a Google form through webmail or a number of other portals. The Google form contained a number of questions analysing the narcissistic traits. They were also provided a range of pictures at the end of the Google form. Thus, based on their selection criteria further analysis was done. Description of materials and procedure The data collection was done with the help of an online questionnaire where a set of 15 questions were provided to the participants via a Google form. Additionally the participants were also provided with link to a number of picture editing tools. The participants were asked to use the tools in the way they like to generate their pictures and then select one of them for use over their social networking sites. This served as an important tool for understanding the personality depths and level present in an individual. The online questionnaire was designed in the form of a likert scale where the options ranged from neutral to agree to strongly agree to strongly disagree. The participants could provide the response to the questionnaire at their convenience from their home computers and were not bound to come to the lab. The entire exercise was conducted from a period of one to five weeks and sequential data recorded. Results: Analysis of the data: The analysis of the data was done through Narcissistic Personality Inventory 16-item measurement. The measurements were done to find a direct relationship between the narcissism and its effect on the online self-promotion behaviour of an individual. The mode of analysis selected by the researcher depends upon the research question and the type of data. The data types being continuous are measured on a scale of 1 to 10. For the present study, two different variables are chosen such as narcissism trait present within an individual and their relative approach in selecting pictures for posting over social media platform. This form of analysis is known as bivariate correlational analysis. The analysis focuses upon the relation between the two variables by finding out the overlapping regions. The bivariate relationship could be found out with the help of Pearsons correlation coefficients. The value of r and p can be used to find out the strength and amount of shared variance between the tw o variables. The value of r between 3 means that there exist weak relationship between the two variables. A value between 3 to 5 depicts that there exists a moderate relationship, whereas a value greater than 5 depicts that the two values are strongly correlated. The direction of the pearsons r is also important in this context, where a positive value establishes a directly proportional relationship between the two variables. A negative value on the other hand depicts an inversely proportional relationship between the two variables. The squares Pearson have been applied in order to find the amount of dependency between the two variables. In this respect, the pearsons p-value can be used to determine the statistical significance of the result. A value less than 5% reduces the chance generation of the result and establishes a string correlation between the two variables and vice versa(Alloway, 2014). In the present context, a significant, positive relationship between self-promotion and narcissism was found, where the following values were noted for r = 3.80, n = 776, p = 0.01, representing 14.44 % shared variance between the variables. Discussion: Summarizing the aims of the study: Thus, the study aimed at finding out the correlation, which existed between the two variables. For the purpose of which a large number of participants were selected for gathering sufficient data regarding their dependency on social media platforms for positioning themselves in a socially suitable context. The study aimed to depict the relationship between strong social presence and narcissistic traits found in an individual. The findings of the experiment have been consistent with the hypothesis. A moderate Pearson r-value of 3.80 reflect moderate relationship between the two variables. Similarly, a p value of less than 0.05 shows that the results are statistically significant. However, the i use of social networking sites have also been quoted by few to have a positive effect on an individual by providing them with ways to communicate with the outside world alongside improving their set of knowledge. Many have quoted social media as as a way of relaxation and gathering required amou nt of knowledge. The selfie obsessions has also been linked with low self esteem and presence of loneliness within an individual(Grijalva, 2015). The role of gender is also debatable over here as both the genders have been seen to have similar interest and obsession towards the social networking site. Interpretations of the results and future directions: Thus, an R value of 3.80 depicts a moderate correlation between the two variables. Moreover, a p value less than 0.05 percentage guarantees the generosity of the results. The study could help in elucidating the level of sub-clinical narcissism present within the current society and its effect on their day-to-day life. The effects of the SNS have been found to be sufficiently strong within the adolescent group(Barry, 2017). In this context, psychologists have highlighted the effect of postive and negative SNS feedback on the self-esteem of an individual. Here, the involvements of parents have been found to be of immense importance in guiding their child towards positive personality traits. Contribution of the literature: Narcissism plays a strong role in influencing the profile picture selection over the social networking sites. The filters used for selection of the best profile picture to be presented online are based upon a number of parameters such as physical attractiveness, personality trait and social contacts. Research and evidence have shown that there exists a strong correlation between development of obsessive-compulsive disorders and increasing use of social media. Thus, obsessive self-promotion over the social networking platform seems to be a disease affecting the young and the old synonymously (Krmer, 2017). Bibliography Alloway, T. R. (2014). Is Facebook linked to selfishness? Investigating the relationships among social media use, empathy, and narcissism. Social Networking, 3(3) , 150-158. Barry, C. T.-H. (2017). Let me take a selfie: associations between self-photography, narcissism, and self-esteem. Psychology of popular media culture, 6(1 , 48. Grijalva, E. N. (2015). Gender differences in narcissism: A meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 141(2), , 261. Kapidzic, S. (2013). Narcissism as a predictor of motivations behind Facebook profile picture selection. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking , 14-19. Krmer, N. C. (2017). Beware of selfies: The impact of photo type on impression formation based on social networking profiles. Frontiers in psychology, , 15-25. Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Facebook. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING, 13(4 , 357-364. Moon, J. H. (2016). The role of narcissism in self-promotion on Instagram. Personality and Individual Differences , 22-25.

Starlet of the Century Audrey Hepburn free essay sample

A study of the life of the great Hollywood actress Audrey Hepburn. This paper describes in-depth the life of Audrey Hepburn, the infamous Dutch Hollywood actress. The paper begins with her as a girl, born into Dutch Royalty, she suffered from hunger and poverty in Nazi occupied Holland. The paper provides chronological summaries of her role in all her films and plays, which provides the reader with a great sense of her enormous contribution to popular culture. It includes details of her personal life and her work as a special Goodwill Ambassador to the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF). Gigi was Audreys ticket to America. At the shows premiere in New York, Audrey was surprisingly visited by James Hanson, who had come to formalize their engagement (Paris 74). The run of Gigi was over by the spring of 1952. However, Audreys career was about to take an even greater step forward. We will write a custom essay sample on Starlet of the Century: Audrey Hepburn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Paramount Pictures was searching for a young girl to play the role of Princess Anne in Willy Wylers Roman Holiday (1953). Audrey was about to costar with Gregory Peck in her first American film. However, the film had forced her to postpone her wedding date. In fact, as soon as she got the part, the studios had advised her not to get married in the belief that millions of lovestruck fans would be disappointed (Paris 80). Audrey was soon convinced that she was not ready to be married, and she broke off her engagement to James Hanson.

The Beatles Movies essays

The Beatles Movies essays If there was a time capsule that let the people of the future see what shaped the culture around the world in the 20th century there would be a few people who would be on the consensus list. Making up a part of that capsule would be the musical group The Beatles. The group was founded out of Liverpool England in the early nineteen-sixties. This group with members consisting of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr made its indention on popular culture with unparalleled levels of musical acclaim and fan adoration. Although they sold millions of records and compiled an impressive list of musical achievements their success can be attributed to their lesser-known influence in their film careers. They starred in a comedic-documentary-style film entitled A Hard Days Night before they reached the levels of success that led to the term of Beatlemania. The films success led to the popularity of the band, which lead to their success in the musical realm which gave them t he power to influence the worlds culture. Their influence of the Beatles film career changed the way music is seen, and they way film is seen. All this might have not been possible if they did not venture in their film career. The Beatles did not have an extensive career, so the assortment of work released in an awe-inspiring testament to the artistic abilities of the foursome. Their career spanned only eight years, and five of their major record releases in that time were turned into films: A Hard Days Night (1964), Help! (1965), Magical Mystery Tour (TVM, 1967), Yellow Submarine (1968), and Let it Be (1970). Although the Beatles had essentially amazing films, considering the music that they made(Hanke, 4). These films were considered some of the finest film-music related films, but neglected in the politically correct industry of review. With a few possible exceptions, have their b...

Resouce Management Unit 5004 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Resouce Management Unit 5004 - Essay Example Resource management is a key element to activity resource estimating and project human resource management. Both are essential components of a comprehensive project management plan to execute and monitor a project successfully. As is the case with the larger discipline of project management, there are resource management software tools available that automate and assist the process of resource allocation to projects and portfolio resource visibility including supply and demand of resources. This unit is about the generic principles, methods and techniques for planning, managing and analyzing the use of any and all resources available to the manager. This includes physical, financial and human resources, and the factors affecting their use - organizational, legal, ethical and environmental.The main purpose of this unit is to manage non- financial resource and manage financial resources.. Management is about getting thing done by other through the resources such as people equipment and materials. So these resources should be utilized to the maximum to achieve the objectives. Managers are responsible for planning, organizing leading and controlling the efforts of organization members and using all the organizational resources to achieve organizational objectives. So the need to achieve the goals from this optimum resource arose. The need for operations managers to reduce manufacturing costs, optimize productivity and improve product quality in order to stay in the market has become imperative. Operations management is the management of direct resources such as machine, material and manpower which are required to produce goods and services. It involves planning, operating, controlling, directing and coordinating all the activities of production systems, which convert resource inputs into services. The transformation process helps the operation manager an immediate sens e of the importance of having the right resources in place whenever required. In most of the private sector companies outputs are given more importance than inputs. 1.2 Explain the process of planning resource use to achieve the objectives Planning process The strength and weakness has to cover the organization's products or services, people, resources and should examine the structure of the organization and ability of the organization to cope with the change. Market segment analysis is the useful technique for looking at products or services as it focuses its attention on markets and their potential. Different factors are considered for each market segment. The market segment analysis covers market share, profitability, reliance on segment, geographic spread, size, skills, market emphasis, and style and future intentions. Planning processes is important in an organization for the following reasons Extension organizations have too few financial resources, given the nature and size of their missions and many of them doesn't know to use in an appropriate manner Managers and other staff members do not know how many resources are available for use in dealing with a particular problem or program activity. Many of them do not know the costs of carrying out various activities or whether a particular approach is a cost-effective way to deliver programming. Money may be committed almost totally to salaries, leaving little to cover operating and other costs. Financial allocation decisions are made by people who are not in a

Principles of project management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of project management - Assignment Example Still, the core project management principles apply. In these regards, the project tasks have been identified, namely, the development of a newly efficient and effective television. The project cost will be estimated; costs will involve development as well as end target margins on sales to consumers. Further consideration will be given to managing risk as a means of adhering to these financial targets. The project will then be organized around specific matrixes with a specific team. Within this team a specific breakdown and division of labor will occur, with a further specified timescale for the work to be accomplished. The plan will then be implemented. Throughout the process specific consideration will be given to project iterations and specific management of the predominant principles that have been outlined. Within the context of Apple, Inc. it’s recognized that increasing emphasis will be placed on technological innovation, user-interface, and cutting-edge design. Still, much of the project cycle will need to be considered in a dynamic context of development and design. 2. The need for project management is an essential aspect of product development and innovation. In the context of Apple, Inc. ... There are a number of factors of success and failure that are considered in relation to project management. Locke (2007) differentiates between many forms of project success. The primary theoretical understanding in these regards is that project management is a multi-dimensional process such that managerial success in terms of project management is distinguished from project success from the perspective of the end user. In these regards, Locke (2007) establishes success and failure factors in relation to the initial project definition. Success is determined in relation to the extent that the project takes on a clear and defined articulation. The next period is the execution period. Project success and failure during the execution period is contingent upon how well the project adheres to the primary elements of cost, execution, and time. Still, project success or failure is further distinguished in terms of overriding benefit for existing stakeholders. In terms of Apple, Inc. the prim ary stakeholders are the organization’s stockholders. As such the project’s ability to ultimately positively contribute to revenue and net profit streams will be the primary determinant of success. Ultimately, it seems this project is realistic. 3. There are four primary phases of project management: initiation, planning, execution, and closure (Lock 2007). Fig. 1 below demonstrates the project management phases. Fig. 1 Project Management Phase Peter (2003) notes that the initiation phase determines the scope and the nature of the project. For Apple, Inc. the scope of the project is the development of a television that is readily integrated with the personal computer, such that the individual will have ease

Interpreting Chinses and English Language Essay

Interpreting Chinses and English Language - Essay Example People living in their homeland are very well aware of their native language but when they travel or migrate to other countries; it gets difficult for them to communicate to people of different countries in their own language. But there is a language which is known as a universal language and that language is normally used and known by all. The language which is referred as a universal language or more appropriately known as an international passport is the English language (Translation, Interpretation and Language Links). English language is one such language which is normally known and used in most of the nations of the world. English is known as an international passport for the reason that if anybody is not aware of the language of any country, English is one such language which can help in at least communicating for a while. Let us understand this notion through an example. If a person is travelling to China for a meeting and the delegates there are not aware of the language, he will take a translator along so that he can translate the Chinese language into a common language which is normally English so that he helps that person in understanding the language through his known language. Nevertheless, translator may be of help at that point and time but a ... It happens many times that there are certain words with dual meaning but the usage of the words is done according to the context and given situation. For translating, it is important to apply rules for combining components, such as words with the background so that one may interpret it as it is said. It is also observed that traditional communications link between cultures is formed by non-native speakers, that is, individuals who are completely fluent in one (the native) language and proficient in another (the non-native language) which is normally a role of translator. Beyond translation, these individuals are also asked to provide analysis and interpretation so that the actual meaning and the context can be understood. However, it is very important to counter difficulties at the time of translation so that interpretation can be accurately done which will eliminate the factor of miscommunication or misunderstanding (Corpus-based approaches to semantic interpretation in natural language processing_(Natural Language Processing) - AI Magazine Encyclopedia_com). Thus, there are many problems in interpreting languages and when we talk about interpreting Chinese and English languages simultaneously; there are some major issues which may occur. Problems encountered while simultaneous interpretation There are times when people having command over languages may face problems due to not being aware of the actual scenario in which certain things are said. While interpreting the facts, one may encounter the following problems: Lack of relevant prior knowledge: The most common problem which is faced by the translators while translating and then interpreting Chinese to English of English to Chinese is due to the fact of not having prior knowledge.

Promotion And Development Of Rail Tourism India Tourism Essay

Promotion And Development Of Rail Tourism India Tourism Essay In India, Railways play a vital role in the socio-economic life of the country. Today, the number of domestic as well as international travelers is increasing with an increase in the disposable income of Indians. To support the increasing traffic of travelers even Indian Railways have come out with few plans over last 10-15 years. They are trying to build their tourism wing as well but still travelers are not aware of the various initiatives taken by Indian Railways. Indian Railways have a totally new wing to handle this i.e. Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC). The first objective of the project is to bring awareness by designing the marketing plan for them. This will be used all over the country to promote rail tourism. The other objective of the project is to find the feasibility of new route which they can venture into. This would require both financial and operational strategy. The final deliverable for the MRR would be a combination of both the strategies mentioned above for Indian Railways to showcase the marketing plan and advantages and risk for investing in the new routes. Objectives of the study The objective of this study is as follows: To study Indian Railways especially tourism hand of it. To study changing tourism pattern in India. To study current IRCTC tourism plan. To understand the demographics of tourist To recommend a marketing strategy for already present plans Finding new route which IRCTC could venture. To develop financial and operational plan for this new route. To recommend a plan for the implementation of above strategy. Hypothesis of the MRR In India, numbers of tourist are increasing every year due to increase in the disposable income. Railway has a tourism wing which tries to satisfy the need of these tourist but still general public is not much aware various initiatives taken. Tourist are still competing with the general traveler to get a seat in rail instead of opting for various other special offers provided by rail tourism. We have an opportunity to start new route and promote both old as well as new routes by formulating a marketing plan for this. Scope and Limitation Scope: This study would help in promoting rail tourism in India. Also this would help them to generate extra revenue by venturing into new routes. It would help to satisfy the current increasing demand for transportation by tourist. Limitation: MRR would choose certain region based on selected parameters to search for new routes and to start with the marketing plan for the same. This selection does not mean that IRCTC would be willing to share all the data for the project. MRR would only deal in highlighting and describing important benefits associated with start of new routes. It would not cover financial and operational details of it. The financial plan would require valuations of new strategy. Limitations in data might lead to valuations based on assumptions and model. However both time and resource did not permit venturing into a study of other Railway systems in detail except through what was available on Internet and locally available article on the subject. Chapter 2: Brief overview of global Tourism Industry Introduction Tourism is travel for various purposes like recreational, business, leisure or pleasure. World Tourism Organization headquartered at Madrid defines tourists as people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. In recent times tourism has been recognized as an important social and economic phenomenon. At the World Conference on Tourism held in Manila in 1980, the importance of tourism and its widespread effects were recognized in the Manila Declaration on World Tourism, which stated, Tourism is considered an activity essential to the life of nations because of its direct effects on the social, cultural, educational and economic sectors of national societies and on their international relations. There are three forms of Tourism as per United Nations as follows: Domestic Tourism When a resident is travelling in its own country. Inbound Tourism When Non-residents are travelling in the given country. Outbound Tourism When residents travels to another country. History In earlier times, rich uses to travel to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings, works of art,  learn new languages, and experience new cultures and to taste different  cuisines. The word  tourist  was used by 1772  and  tourism  by 1811.  In 1936, the  League of Nations defined  foreign tourist  as someone traveling abroad for at least twenty-four hours. United Nations in 1945 have amended this definition by including a maximum stay of six months. United Kingdom was the first country to promote leisure travel which was associated with Industrial Revolution due to increase in Industrial population. This comprise of new middle class at that time. This model was then replicated in France, Continental Europe, and south pacific Asia and slowly in other parts of world. Mass tourism was developed with the development of technology and infrastructure, allowing tourist to move around in the world with ease. It was developed only due to new development in transport system around the world. Tourist Destination statistics The global tourism market is very concentrated at the top end; 45% of the world`s international arrivals in 2010 are accounted for by the top ten countries. However the future trends show a major shift in the share of tourist arrivals from developed European economies to emerging Asian markets. Following is the ranking of top destinations as per United Nations World Tourism Organization as per different categories: International Tourist arrivals by country of destination as of 2011 France 80 Million United States 62 Million China 58 Million International Tourism receipts as of 2011 United States $116 Billion Spain $60 Billion France $54 Billion Most visited cities by international tourist arrival Paris (France) 15.6 Million London (UK) 15.2 Million Antalya (Turkey) 10.5 Million Goldrush_big.jpg Source: Amadeus The above diagram shows a research conducted by Amadeus which shows that there will be a dramatic change of travel spend with Asia-Pacific visitor arrivals accounting for 22% of global traffic and Asia-Pacific residents representing 32% of global travel spend in 2020. Although Europe will dominate the tourism market overall but Asia-Pacific have shown a great improvement and is growing faster than other regions. Economic Factors Travel Tourism is one of the worlds largest industries. In 2011 Travel Tourism contributed 9% to the global GDP which values to more than US$6 trillion, and accounted for more than 255 million jobs. Travel Tourism industry is expected to grow by an average of 4% annually over the next 10 years, taking it to 10% of global GDP, or some US$10 trillion. It is expected that by 2022 Travel Tourism industry will account for 328 million jobs or 1 in every 10 jobs on the planet. As per a survey Travel Tourism is a key generator of employment across the European Union directly generating 10 million jobs across Europe, substantially more than the automotive manufacturing (3.2 million), mining (3.6 million) and financial services sectors (8.5 million). Employment is created in the sectors like transportation services like airlines, cruise, taxi, etc; hospitality services such as hotels, resorts, etc; and entertainment industry like amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, theatres, etc. Ev en Asia Pacific region is now investing money in Travel Tourism to depict same figures in their economies as well. Below is the diagram showing how the contribution is made towards economy and employment through Travel and Tourism (TT). It is divided into three parts i.e. Direct, Indirect and Induced. Source: World Trade and Tourism Council research report The direct contribution of TT to GDP in 2011 was USD 1,972.8bn (2.8% of GDP). The direct contribution of Travel and Tourism to GDP is expected to grow by 4.2% pa by 2022. Total contribution of TT to GDP was USD 6,346.1bn in 2011 i.e. 9.1% of GDP and is expected to grow by 2.8% to USD 6,526.9bn i.e. 9.8% of GDP by 2022. Source: WTTC Negative factors affecting tourism Below are the factors which are affecting tourism in most part of the world: Terrorist threat is one of the biggest negative factors affecting tourism. Terrorist attack in London, US, etc has reduced the number of tourist going to these countries. Also there is  terrorist threat  to  tourist destinations, such as in  Bali  and several European cities. Tsunami in Asia had affected tourism in most of the Asian countries at that time. Thousands of lives were lost including many tourists. Tsunami, Katrina and other cyclones in other regions have slowed down the tourism industry in their respective countries. Virus attacks like H1N1 influenza virus have affected the tourism in several countries. Other factors like economic unrest and recession have affected the number of tourist going for vacation. Future Developments Tourism is expected to grow at a rate of 4% annually and all this requires constant development in the technology and infrastructure. Tourists can be divided generally as per their budgets and taste thus new different ideas are required to pull tourist towards a country or city. For example some people like to go on a hill while some people like to go out for a theme park. Thus various developments were done to cater all the segments as per their needs. Developments like airlines have made it very accessible to travel round the world. International organization WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people is on planes at any time. Internet development has brought a new revolution in tourism industry. One can book tickets (Rail, ship, airlines, etc), plans, packages, etc through internet. One can easily get a customized package as per their needs on a click of button. Due to competition these website gives competitive prices which is always beneficial for the end customer. Sustainable Tourism As the environmental condition of the world deteriorating every year this is an attempt by tourism industry to make as low impact on the  environment  and local  culture  as possible, while helping to generate future employment for local people. The aim of sustainable tourism is to ensure that development brings a positive experience for local people, tourism companies and the tourists themselves. There is a difference between Sustainable tourism and  ecotourism. Ecotourism  is a form of  tourism  involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial (mass) tourism. Purpose of Ecotourism is to educate the traveler, to provide funds for  ecological conservation, to directly benefit the  economic development  and political empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and for  human rights. A number of countries around the world are dependent on Tourism and consider Sustainable tourism as the important vehicle for economic and social development. Sustainable tourism is visualized as leading to management of all resources in such a way that social, economic and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining biodiversity, cultural integrity, life support system and essential ecological processes. It  implies meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is not just the responsibility of government but it is the responsibility of all the stakeholders in tourism sector as well as the tourists to ensure that what they are getting today is preserve for future generations to enjoy. All stakeholders are responsible to give a good quality of life to future generations and they shouldnt do anything which would affect the lives of future generation. For Sustainable tourism each country has to address various issues of policy-making, planning, management and the participation of the private sector and other stakeholders must be addressed in terms of opportunities for action and possible constraints that need to be overcome by concerted efforts. Sustainable-Development.png Sustainable tourism aims to reach a balance between the three factors mentioned above i.e. Social, Environmental and Economic factors without affecting the tourists expectations from their travel. Sustainable tourism integrates tourism with other factors like economic and growth policies so as to reduce the negative impact mass tourism. Sustainable tourism requires involving local community as well while developing any tourism plan as they are the people who will get affected by any kind of development in their area. Murphy promoted the use of an ecological approach while implementing the sustainable tourism development process. He considered both plants and people during the process. This is in contrast to the boosterism and economic approaches to tourism planning, neither of which considers the detrimental ecological or sociological impacts of tourism development to a destination. Chapter 3: Overview of Indian Tourism Industry Introduction India is a huge land with a variety of different flora and fauna. Each place has something new to offer. It has covered by Himalayas hilly region on one side and sea on the other sides. Tourism in India is one of the largest service industries. As India is a vast country so there are thousands of destinations and each destination is a tourist spot in itself. Whether you visit the metros, big cities or remote areas of India, you will experience something different and interesting alike. Besides, India is also dotted with a number of picturesque hills which draw tourists from world over and provide a welcome respite from the hustle and bustle of cities. For those who are interested in history and architecture, India has a number of sites which have been designated as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. You can get a fine glimpse of the bygone era at these Heritage Sites.  UK and US tourists are among major tourist population that visit India. Most popular tourist destinations, in India, among Foreigners are Kerala,  Tamil Nadu,  Delhi,  Uttar Pradesh  and  Rajasthan. Most popular destination among Domestic tourist is Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Being oldest states of India, heritage Sites and most importantly Pilgrimage Sites, attracts Domestic tourist. According to  World Travel and Tourism Council, from 2009 to 2018, India will among top tourism destination,  having the highest 10-year growth potential.  The  Travel Tourism Competitiveness Report 2007  ranked tourism in India sixth in terms of price competitiveness and 39th in terms of safety and security. A 5000 year history, culture, religion and alternative medicine fascinates all segments of tourist. The focus of the industry is on Atithi Devo Bhavah campaign, targeted at the inbound foreign tourist. Translated literally it means Guest is God. Main attraction to India is its cultural and geographical diversity. It also had a rich history and each region has its own uniqueness which appeals to large and diverse tourist base. There are many tourist spots which come under UNESCO heritage. India provides heritage, sports, medical and business. India has one of the largest and fastest growing  medical tourism sectors. According to global hotel and hospitality consulting firm, HVS International, the strong performance in tourist arrivals in 2005 can be attributed to a strong sense of business and investment confidence in India inspired by: Indias strong GDP performance Strengthening of ties with developed world Reforms in aviation sector which led to better connectivity with many countries, and Opening of sectors of the economy to private sector/foreign investment. Other factors are: Development of infrastructure by government Indias emergence as an outsourcing hub Success of Incredible India campaign and other tourism promotion measures Indias growing recognition as an exciting place to visit. Ministry of Tourism National policies are planned by the Ministry of Tourism. They are responsible for the development and promotion of tourism in India. They are also responsible for the regulation of tourism industry as well as promotion of India as tourist destination to the world. They have to take consideration from all the stakeholders in the sector to execute any plan or development in any of the regions. All the stakeholders involved in this process needs to work collaboratively to function smoothly. Ministry is putting considerable effort to promote new forms of tourism like eco-tourism, medical, sports, water, etc.  The Ministry of Tourism also maintains the  Incredible India  campaign. As of January 2011, head of the ministry is the  Cabinet Minister Subodh Kant Sahay.  India  stole the limelight at the World Tourism Mart 2011 in  London  by winning two global awards Worlds Leading Destination and Worlds Leading Tourist Board,  Incredible India. Economic Factors Tourism contributes 6.4% to the national GDP and 8.8% to the employment in India. It is the 3rd largest foreign exchange earner in India. Travel Tourism (TT) directs contribution to GDP in 2011 was INR1,689.8bn (1.9% of GDP). By 2012, it is forecasted that it will grow by 7.6% to INR1,818.5bn. This shows how much economy can grow just with the help of hotels, rails and other form of transportation services (excluding commuter services). Not only this but it also includes the other industries which are dependent on the tourist such as restaurants and leisure industry. It is expected that by 2022 direct contribution of TT to GDP is expected to grow by 7.7% pa to INR3,805.2bn (1.9% of GDP). The Total contribution of TT to GDP was INR5,651.0bn in 2011 (6.4% of GDP) and by 2012 it is expected to grow by 7.3% to INR6,062.3bn (6.5% of GDP). Total contribution is further forecast to rise by 7.8% pa to INR12,891.2bn by 2022 (6.5% of GDP). % of whole economy GDP Source: WTTC Travel Tourism Economic Impact 2012 Direct TT generated by leisure travel spending (inbound and domestic) is 73.8% of direct TT GDP in 2011 (INR3,335.4bn) compared with 26.2% for business travel spending (INR1,181.3bn). Business travel spending is expected to grow by 4.1% in 2012 to INR1,229.6bn, and rise by 7.6% pa to INR2,562.2bn in 2022. Leisure travel spending is expected to grow by 8.6% in 2012 to INR3,622.3bn, and rise by 7.6% pa to INR7,554.3bn in 2022. Source: WTTC Travel Tourism Economic Impact 2012 Domestic travel spending generated 82.2% of direct Travel Tourism GDP in 2011 compared with 17.8% for visitor exports (ie foreign visitor spending or international tourism receipts). Domestic travel spending is expected to grow by 8.3% in 2012 to INR4,009.9bn, and rise by 8.1% pa to INR8,710.3bn in 2022. Visitor exports are expected to grow by 3.5% in 2012 to INR829.2bn, and rise by 5.2% pa to INR1,382.6bn in 2022. Source: WTTC Travel Tourism Economic Impact 2012 Below are the country rankings of absolute contribution for year 2011. We can see that under direct and total contribution to GDP India is ranked 11th and 12th respectively which is a good ranking. Compared to other Asian economies China is the only country ahead of India in ranking. If we consider employment parameter then India is ranked as 1st for direct contribution to employment while 2nd for total contribution to employment after China. If we see capital investment done with respect to other countries then India is ranked at 4th position. These rankings are in absolute term but if we consider relative value then India is way behind its neighbors. It is ranked as 126th as total contribution to the GDP. While contribution of tourism to employment is ranked at 102nd and capital investment at 97th. Compared to its competitive neighboring nation it is a poor ranking. C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocsContribution.jpg Source: WTTC The tables provide brief extracts from the full WTTC Country League Table Rankings, highlighting comparisons with competing destinations as well as with the world average. The competing destinations selected are those that offer a similar tourism product and compete for tourists from the same set of origin markets. These tend to be, but are not exclusively, geographical neighbors. Below is the long term ranking on the same parameters as above. If we analyze the rankings then we can see that it is improving from the current relative rankings. C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocsLong term.jpg Source: WTTC The above table highlights comparison with competing destination as well as with world average. It is a snapshot from WTTC country league table ranking. The competing destinations offer a similar tourism product and compete for tourists from the same set of origin markets i.e. geographic location. Statistics of Indian Tourism In 2010, numbers of foreign tourist arrival were 5.78 Million which shows the annual growth rate of 11.8%. This double digit shows that the number of tourist coming to India is increasing at a good rate because the global annual growth is just 6.6% while annual growth of entire Asia Pacific Region is 12.7%. Although this annual growth rate is comparatively high but the share of India in International tourist arrival is just 0.61% and India is ranked at 40th position. We can also see in the below chart provided by UNWTO that the inbound tourism in Asia and pacific region is going to grow faster than any other region of the world. So this gives a lot of potential for Asian countries to grow and develop their economy via medium of tourism. C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocsunwto_general_assembly_10oct2011_slide8.jpg Source: UNWTO Maximum tourist comes from USA (16%) followed by UK (13%) and then Bangladesh (7.5%). Delhi (34.5%) and Mumbai airport (20.5%) is the main entry point for tourists coming to India. Below table shows the purpose of FTAs visit to India. C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocs77.jpg Source: India Tourism Statistic 2010 In 2010, peak tourist month was December while on the lower side was May. In December there were around 11.8% tourist and in May there were 5.7% tourist only. The below graph shows that peak season were in Jan March Oct Dec in 2010. This is generally consistent with the pattern in 2008 and 2009 also. C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocsMonth.jpg Source: India Tourism Statistic 2010 Peak months differ for countries to countries like for USA, Canada, Malaysia, Australia and Singapore, December was the peak month. For countries like UK, Germany and Korea January was the peak month. For few countries it is even August or July. But overall it is the winter season (October-December) where we see maximum FTAs in India i.e. 31.1% and minimum in summer season (April-June) i.e. 18.8%. Of all the FTAs in 2010, Male FTAs accounted for 59.3% while Female as 40.7%. Over the last 15 years the percentage of female visitors has increased in India. The trend among the age group which we have seen in the inbound tourist was that maximum comes from the age group of 35-44, followed by the age groups of 45-54 years and 25-34 years. Minimum were in the age group of 15-24 years. Domestic Tourism: Along with International tourism even Domestic tourism is increasing at a good pace. The compound annual growth rate of domestic tourist visits to all states/UTs from 1991 to 2010 is 13.5%. Below is the diagram showing year-wise domestic/foreign tourists visits to States/ UTs during 2000 and 2010 C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocsDomestic.jpg Source: India Tourism Statistic 2010 Below is the figure showing the percentage share of Top 10 States/UTs in Domestic tourist visits in 2010. We can see that Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Tamilnadu itself comprise of roughly 55% of the total domestic tourist visit. In terms of foreign tourist Maharashtra is the state which is most visited i.e. 28.5%. C:UsersDellDocumentsAIMMRRDocsshare.jpg Source: India Tourism Statistic 2010 Chapter 4: Transport Industry in India Introduction Transport in the Republic of India is an important part of the nations economy. Since the economic liberalization of the 1990s, development of infrastructure within the country has progressed at a rapid pace, and today there is a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. Indias transport sector is large and diverse; it caters to the needs of 1.1 billion people. In 2007, the sector contributed about 5.5 percent to the nations GDP. Public transport still remains the primary mode of transport for most of the population, and Indias public transport systems are among the most heavily used in the world. Indias rail network is the 4th longest and the most heavily used system in the world, transporting over 6  billion passengers and over 350 million  tons of freight annually. Good physical connectivity in the urban and rural areas is essential for economic growth. Since the early 1990s, Indias growing economy has witnessed a rise in demand for transport infrastructure and services. However, the sector has not been able to keep pace with rising demand and is proving to be a drag on the economy. Major improvements in the sector are required to support the countrys continued economic growth and to reduce poverty. Primary Mode of Transportation Railways.  Indian Railways (reporting mark IR) is an Indian state-owned railway enterprise, owned and operated by the Government of India through the Ministry of Railways. It is one of the worlds largest railway networks comprising a total of 114,500 kilometres (71,147 mi) of track over a route of 65,000 kilometres (40,389 mi) and 7,500 stations. IR carries over 30 million passengers and 2.8 million tons of freight daily. In 2011-2012 Railway earned INR104,278.79 crore (US$18.87 billion) which consists of INR69,675.97 crore (US$12.61 billion) from freight and INR28,645.52 crore (US$5.18 billion) from passengers tickets. It is one of the worlds largest employers.  The railways play a leading role in carrying passengers and cargo across Indias vast territory. However, most of its major corridors have capacity constraint requiring capacity enhancement plans. To reduce congestion on rail corridors along the highly trafficked Golden Quadrilateral and improving port connectivity govern ment is launching the National Rail Vikas Yojana (National Railway Development Program). The development of two Dedicated Freight Corridors from Mumbai to Delhi and Ludhiana to Dankuni is also in governments plan. Roads.  Roads are the dominant mode of transportation in India today. They carry almost 90 percent of the countrys passenger traffic and 65 percent of its freight. The density of Indias highway network at 0.66 km of highway per square kilometer of land is similar to that of the United States (0.65) and much greater than Chinas (0.16) or Brazils (0.20). However, most highways in India are narrow and congested with poor surface quality, and 40 percent of Indias villages do not have access to all-weather roads. Ports. India has a long coastline, spanning 7516.6 kilometres, forming one of the biggest peninsulas in the world. It is serviced by 13 major ports (12 government and 1 corporate) and 187 notified minor and intermediate ports. The latest addition to major ports is Port Blair on June 2010, the 13th port in the country. These ports serve the countrys growing foreign trade in petroleum products, iron ore, and coal, as well as the increasing movement of containers. Inland water transportation remains largely undeveloped despite Indias 14,000 kilometers of navigable rivers and canals. Aviation. India has  125 airports, including 11 international airports. Indian airports handled 96 million passengers and 1.5 million tons of cargo in year 2006-2007, an increase of 31.4% for passenger and 10.6% for cargo traffic over previous year. The dramatic increase in air traffic for both passengers and cargo in recent years has placed a heavy strain on the countrys major airports. Passenger traffic is projected to cross 100 million and cargo to cross 3.3 million tons by year 2010. Privatization and expansion of the Mumbai and New Delhi Airports and development of new international airports at Hyderabad and Bangalore. Transport infrastructure in India is better developed in the southern and southwestern parts of the country. PESTLE Analysis Political Context Many limitations were imposed by public transport sector. Also government has imposed many taxes which will further increase the prices of automobiles. Government has asked public transport vehicles in many cities to move to CNG instead of petrol which has affected many individuals. Launching the ambitious National Highway Development Program which has seven phases and is expected to be completed by 2012. It includes improved connectivity between Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata, popularly called the Golden Quadrilateral, in the first phase, North- South and East- West corridors in phase two, four laning of more than 12,000 km in phase three, two laning of 20,000km and six laning of 6,500 km respectively in phase four and five, development of 1,000km of expressway in phase six and other important highway projects in phase seven. Total expected investment is INR 2.2 trillion. Accelerated Road Development Program for the North East Region to provide road connectivi ty to all State capitals and district headquarters in the region. Economic Context Petrol prices are increasing every year at a sky rocket speed and this will surely hamper the transport industry as it will lead to increase in the travelling fare. Consumer confidence has decreased as a result of the economic downturn and people are seeking savings in their everyday life. Increase in the average disposable income of both families and individuals indicates that more people can afford to buy and use a private car. Tourism bring foreign exchange earnings of USD 14.19 Billion. The top-income households, the real consuming class with high disposable income, have been getting richer faster. It is for this reason that the boom in sales of virtually every consumer product from cars to bikes to TV sets is visible all over. Societies Context Growing population and numbers of visitors/tourists/immigrants imply increasing demand for transport Services. People are more time-poor and seek efficient ways of transport in the city, where public transport possesses advantages such as rail and bus lanes that avoid traffic jams. People seek the convenience, personal comfort and social status that mainly private cars or, to a certain degree, taxis can offer Technology Context Rapid development in communication and computer technologies, e.g. increasing use of videoconferencing, tele-working and the Internet